據今日油價4月6日報道，沙特與俄羅斯此前放棄減產，導致石油供應激增，加上全球需求暴跌，當石油市場陷入前所未有的危機，歐佩克+減產協議的達成意味著，該組織已認識全球需求的不足。

能源是經濟的一部分，而石油是世界上最大和最具生產力的能源。50年來，全球經濟一直因累積債務而面臨巨大危機，當前更是走到了懸崖邊緣。

當前市場需求的下降幅度是自上世紀80年代以來，甚至可能是有史以來最大的。許多可靠的消息來源估計了2020年的需求水平，但迄今為止幾乎沒有確切數據。

到2020年第二季度，全球石油日需求量最大將減少1800萬桶，且第三季度經濟是否會復蘇還不能下定論。在需求如此疲軟，價格如此低廉的情況下，全球石油生產商將被迫停產。俄羅斯和沙特阿拉伯可能同意減產的唯一原因是，除了減產他們別無選擇。

產量協議將導致更高的油價——至少在一段時間內。西德克薩斯中質油價格為30美元/桶，布倫特原油價格為35美元/桶。這兩種原油的價格至少被低估了20美元，因此價格還有上漲的空間。值得注意點是，在目前的情況下，供應下降的速度不可能和需求下降的速度保持一致。一旦市場對此持懷疑態度，價格可能會暴跌到比3月底更低的水平。

多數分析師認為，由于需求下降，全球石油儲備很快就會滿負荷運轉。美國頁巖油產量將繼續占該國石油產量的一半以上，但總產量可能會更低。許多公司將會破產。石油產量或價格會或將在許多年后才能恢復到2018年的水平。

洪偉立 摘譯自 今日油價

原文如下：

Why The OPEC+ Output Cut Is Irrelevant

I’m in favor of the global output cut orchestrated by President Trump but let’s recognize it for what it is: largely irrelevant. Mohammed bin Salman and Vladimir Putin were glad to burn down the world a month ago when they walked away from production cuts. They had dueling temper tantrums in the junior high locker room while the world descended into economic Armageddon.

An agreement means conceding to the lack of demand for their oil.

Energy is the economy and oil is the largest and most productive part of world energy. The global economy has been dying of accumulated debt for 50 years. Coronavirus has sent it to the intensive care unit.

The closing of the world economy has caused the greatest demand decrease at least since the 1980s and probably ever. Many credible sources have estimated demand levels for 2020 but there is little data so far.

I have integrated many estimates into a possible scenario. It is based on expectations of how long the economy may be closed and how this will affect oil supply, demand and price. It anticipates an 18 million barrel per day maximum annual demand decrease in the second quarter of 2020. Unlike other models, it does not include a rapid economic recovery in the third quarter.

If the economic patient survives the ICU, it will need a long period of recovery and therapy before returning to its previous life.

Which brings me back to oil. Demand is so weak and price is so low that all producers in the world will be forced to shut in production. The only reason Russia and Saudi Arabia may agree to a cut is because they now see that they have no choice but to decrease output. They might as well look good doing what is inevitable anyway.

An output agreement will result in higher oil prices–for awhile anyway. At $30 WTI and $35 Brent, prices are at least $20 under-valued so there’s room for higher prices. The problem is that supply cannot possibly fall as fast as demand in the present situation. Once markets realize or even suspect that this is the case, prices will collapse maybe to even lower levels than in late March.

Most analysts believe that world oil storage will soon be filled to capacity because of falling demand.

Shale plays will continue to supply more than half of U.S. oil but total output may be lower. Many companies will disappear. I doubt that oil production or prices will return to 2018 levels for many years.