美國(guó)石油學(xué)會(huì)委托進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，在發(fā)電過程中使用美國(guó)液化天然氣可顯著減少溫室氣體排放。

在ICF研究人員進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查中，分別研究了德國(guó)，美國(guó)和印度四國(guó)中使用美國(guó)天然氣產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境效益，發(fā)現(xiàn)使用液化天然氣發(fā)電比煤炭發(fā)電產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體(GHG)排放量平均減少50.5%。

美國(guó)石油協(xié)會(huì)市場(chǎng)開發(fā)部主任達(dá)斯汀·邁耶說:“這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們長(zhǎng)期以來的認(rèn)識(shí)，即使用美國(guó)的天然氣發(fā)電比煤炭清潔得多，特別是在中國(guó)、德國(guó)和印度等主要市場(chǎng)。”

這項(xiàng)名為“更新美國(guó)液化天然氣出口溫室氣體排放生命周期分析”的研究以德國(guó)和印度的案例為基礎(chǔ)，論證了天然氣對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)全球減排的重要性。

美國(guó)的煤炭發(fā)電量從2005年的大約50%下降到2019年的24%，而同期天然氣發(fā)電量從19%上升到近40%。這一轉(zhuǎn)變有助于美國(guó)在2008年至2018年期間將電力部門的溫室氣體排放量減少25%。

該研究涵蓋了不同燃料來源的情況，包括美國(guó)（馬塞勒斯和二疊紀(jì)）、澳大利亞和莫桑比克生產(chǎn)的天然氣，俄羅斯管道輸送的天然氣以及各國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)或進(jìn)口的煤炭。

進(jìn)口液化天然氣的排放影響在每個(gè)供應(yīng)國(guó)考慮的每個(gè)市場(chǎng)都是可比較的。對(duì)德國(guó)而言，美國(guó)出口的天然氣除了“高甲烷泄漏”和“全球變暖潛值”兩個(gè)敏感數(shù)據(jù)之外，美國(guó)和其他國(guó)家出口的液化天然氣的溫室氣體排放量與俄羅斯通過管道出口的天然氣相比，都在一個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)。這些情況導(dǎo)致俄羅斯管道天然氣的溫室氣體估計(jì)排放量大幅增加。

趙斌 編譯自 世界天然氣

原文如下：

API: U.S. LNG exports cut GHG emissions in power production

A study commissioned by the American Petroleum Institute (API) stressed that using U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) in power generation significantly cuts GHG emissions.

The study conducted by researchers at ICF examines the environmental benefits of U.S. natural gas use in Germany, and India, finding that using U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) rather than coal for electricity generation produces on average 50.5 per cent fewer greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in all base case scenarios studied.

“This study underscores what we have known for quite some time – that U.S. natural gas is a far cleaner option than coal for electricity generation, especially in key markets in Germany and India,” API director of market development Dustin Meyer said.

Looking at cases in China, Germany and India, the study, “Update to the Life-Cycle Analysis of GHG Emissions for US LNG Exports,” demonstrates the importance of natural gas for achieving global emissions reductions.

Coal generation in the U.S. has fallen from roughly 50 per cent in 2005 to 24 percent in 2019, while natural gas generation has increased from 19 per cent to nearly 40 per cent in the same period. This transition has been instrumental to the U.S. reducing emissions in the power sector by 25 per cent from 2008 to 2018.

The study goes over scenarios that vary by fuel source origination including, natural gas produced in the US (Marcellus and Permian), Australia, and Mozambique, natural gas pipelined from Russia, and domestically produced or imported coal.

Emission impacts of imported LNG are comparable across each source country considered for each market. For Germany and China, LNG exports from the US and other countries have GHG emissions that fall within a compared range as natural gas exported by pipeline from Russia, with the exception of the “High Methane Leaks” and “High GWP” sensitivity scenarios. These scenarios cause a substantial increase in estimated GHG emissions from Russian pipeline gas.