據(jù)ICIS網(wǎng)站3月9日消息 美國(guó)能源信息署（EIA）周二公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年美國(guó)原油產(chǎn)量下降93.5萬(wàn)桶/日，平均為1130萬(wàn)桶/日，較2019年1220萬(wàn)桶/日的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄年平均高位下降8%。

該機(jī)構(gòu)表示，產(chǎn)量下降是有記錄以來(lái)最大的年度降幅，主要受2020年期間鉆井活動(dòng)減少和油價(jià)走低影響。

2020年1月，美國(guó)原油產(chǎn)量達(dá)到峰值1280萬(wàn)桶/日，但在3月，由于冠狀病毒大流行的爆發(fā)導(dǎo)致原油需求突然下降，原油價(jià)格下降。

EIA稱(chēng)，下降的速度導(dǎo)致運(yùn)營(yíng)商關(guān)閉油井，限制油井上線(xiàn)數(shù)量，從而降低了產(chǎn)油區(qū)的產(chǎn)量。

5月份，美國(guó)原油產(chǎn)量已達(dá)到今年最低的月平均產(chǎn)量，為1000萬(wàn)桶/日。

美國(guó)墨西哥灣海岸的生產(chǎn)受到了去年歷史上過(guò)度活躍的颶風(fēng)季節(jié)的顯著影響，墨西哥灣受到了幾次颶風(fēng)和熱帶風(fēng)暴的襲擊，導(dǎo)致運(yùn)營(yíng)商停產(chǎn)。

EIA稱(chēng)，墨西哥灣聯(lián)邦近海原油產(chǎn)量在2020年下降24.5萬(wàn)桶/日，年平均為165萬(wàn)桶/日，為各地區(qū)原油產(chǎn)量降幅最大的地區(qū)。

2020年，德克薩斯州的原油產(chǎn)量超過(guò)美國(guó)任何其他地區(qū)，占全國(guó)總產(chǎn)量的43%。

2020年，孤星州的平均原油產(chǎn)量為487萬(wàn)桶/日，比2019年創(chuàng)下的507萬(wàn)桶/日的紀(jì)錄高位減少了20.5萬(wàn)桶/日。

今年2月中旬，寒流席卷美國(guó)墨西哥灣沿岸，破壞了能源系統(tǒng)，給石油設(shè)施帶來(lái)壓力，并影響了美國(guó)中西部和德克薩斯內(nèi)陸地區(qū)的石油產(chǎn)品管道，目前該地區(qū)仍處于動(dòng)蕩之中。

根據(jù)EIA的每周供應(yīng)估計(jì)，截至2月19日當(dāng)周，美國(guó)原油產(chǎn)量降至970萬(wàn)桶/日，低于前一周的1080萬(wàn)桶/日。

受冬季風(fēng)暴影響，墨西哥灣沿岸煉油廠(chǎng)原油產(chǎn)量也減少了240萬(wàn)桶/日，這是自2017年9月颶風(fēng)哈維影響以來(lái)最大的一周降幅。

在北達(dá)科他州，產(chǎn)量下降了24.2萬(wàn)桶/日，年平均值為118萬(wàn)桶/日，而俄克拉荷馬州的降幅最大，為19%，2020年的年平均值為46.9萬(wàn)桶/日。

然而，新墨西哥州的原油產(chǎn)量在2020年增長(zhǎng)最大，增加了13.3萬(wàn)桶/日，達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的104萬(wàn)桶/日。該州的增長(zhǎng)來(lái)自二疊紀(jì)盆地，該盆地橫跨德克薩斯州西部和新墨西哥州東部。

王磊 摘譯自 ICIS

原文如下：

US crude output falls 8% in 2020, breaks records – EIA

US crude oil production dropped down 935,000 bbl/day for an average of 11.3m bbl/day in 2020, an 8% decline from the record annual average high of 12.2m bbl/day in 2019, according to data released by the Energy Information Administration on Tuesday.

The production decline, which is the largest annual decline on record, resulted from reduced drilling activity and low oil prices during 2020, the agency said.

In January 2020, US crude output reached a peak of 12.8m bbl/day, but in March as the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic caused a sudden drop in crude demand, crude oil prices decreased.

The declining rates led to operators to shut in wells and limit the number of wells brought online, thus lowering the output in oil-producing regions, the EIA said.

By May, US crude oil output had reached its lowest average monthly volume for the year at 10m bbl/day.

Production in the US Gulf Coast was significantly impacted by a historically overactive hurricane season last year, with several hurricanes and tropical storms hitting the Gulf of Mexico, causing operators to platforms and shut in production.

Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico crude output fell 245,000 bbl/day to an annual average of 1.65m bbl/day in 2020, the largest decrease in crude production by region, the EIA said.

The state of Texas produced more crude oil than any other region in the US at 43% of the national total in 2020.

Crude oil production in the lone star state averaged 4.87m bbl/day in 2020, a decrease of 205,000 bbl/day from the record high set in 2019 of 5.07m bbl/day.

The area is still reeling from the impact of the cold snap that swept the US Gulf Coast in mid-February that disrupted energy systems, put pressure on the petroleum complex and affected petroleum product pipelines in the US Midwest and inland regions of Texas.

US crude production fell to 9.7m bbl/day on the week ended 19 February, down from 10.8m bbl/day from the previous week, according to weekly supply estimates by the EIA.

Gulf coast refinery crude runs also decreased by 2.4m bbl/day because of the winter storm, the largest weekly decline since the impact of Hurricane Harvey in September 2017.

In North Dakota, output fell 242,000 bbl/day to an annual average of 1.18m bbl/day while Oklahoma had the largest percentage decrease at 19%, with its annual average failing to 469,000 bbl/day in 2020.

However, New Mexico had the largest increase in crude oil production in 2020, where it rose by 133,000 bbl/day to a record average of 1.04m bbl/day. The growth in the state came from the Permian Basin, which spans parts of western Texas and eastern New Mexico.