據(jù)3月18日TradeArabia報(bào)道，沙特能源部長(zhǎng)阿卜杜勒阿齊茲·本·薩勒曼王子表示，沙特計(jì)劃將國(guó)內(nèi)液態(tài)烴的消耗量減少100萬(wàn)桶/天。

在2019年夏季需求高峰期間，沙特用于工業(yè)和發(fā)電的石油日消耗量約為49.1萬(wàn)桶。美國(guó)能源信息署(US Energy Information Administration)曾估計(jì)，在2015年需求創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的夏季高峰期，這一數(shù)字接近100萬(wàn)桶/天。

沙特能源部長(zhǎng)表示:“如果我們要保持油氣生產(chǎn)商的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定地位，我們就必須有足夠的創(chuàng)新和合作，以確保這些油氣資源將被貨幣化，并以更好的方式加以利用。我們正在啟動(dòng)一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目，試圖找到以不同方式使用碳?xì)浠衔锏姆椒ǎ貏e是在材料方面，并且不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。”

減少國(guó)內(nèi)需求也可能幫助沙特阿拉伯國(guó)家石油公司將其長(zhǎng)期閑置產(chǎn)能從歷史上的150萬(wàn)桶/天提高到200萬(wàn)桶/天。據(jù)調(diào)查，由于沙特與歐佩克+達(dá)成了自主減產(chǎn)協(xié)議。歐佩克+在2月份將產(chǎn)量限制在813萬(wàn)桶/天，出口量低于600萬(wàn)桶/天，這表示沙特1200萬(wàn)桶/天的產(chǎn)能中有更多的原油可供使用。

阿卜杜拉國(guó)王石油研究與研究中心(King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and research Centre) 2018年發(fā)表的一篇研究論文預(yù)測(cè)，沙特國(guó)內(nèi)汽油和電力價(jià)格的上漲可以有效地將出口能力提高逾7.5萬(wàn)桶/天，同時(shí)每年減少9700萬(wàn)噸碳排放。

他指出:“我們今年將推出的液體置換項(xiàng)目將減少我們?cè)谒泄檬聵I(yè)上的石油和石油產(chǎn)品的消耗。”

值得一提的還有氫能的驅(qū)動(dòng)。

沙特和其他國(guó)家通過(guò)各種改革，擴(kuò)大燃?xì)獍l(fā)電廠，在減少電力部門的燃料燃燒方面取得了進(jìn)展。根據(jù)國(guó)際海事組織(IMO) 2020協(xié)議，沙特的電力部門可能也受益于該地區(qū)更多的重油供應(yīng)。

根據(jù)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(IMF)的數(shù)據(jù)，依賴石油的沙特需要每桶約80美元的石油價(jià)格來(lái)平衡其預(yù)算。與此同時(shí)，據(jù)阿卜杜勒阿齊茲王子表示，沙特正在能源領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)減緩氣候變化的舉措。

其中包括一個(gè)價(jià)值50億美元的綠色制氫設(shè)施，由可再生能源供電，目標(biāo)是每天提供650噸無(wú)碳?xì)涔┏隹凇Ｔ撛O(shè)施位于NEOM智能城市，該項(xiàng)目于7月宣布。沙特還宣布，計(jì)劃到2030年，可再生能源和天然氣的發(fā)電量分別占該國(guó)總發(fā)電量的50%。

他補(bǔ)充道:“我們現(xiàn)在正處于助推談判成果落地的階段，我們?cè)敢鈭?zhí)行我們?cè)诎屠鑵f(xié)議中達(dá)成的協(xié)議。但同時(shí)我們也必須考慮國(guó)情。如果想要兼收并蓄，你就必須考慮到每一個(gè)參與的國(guó)家。”

王佳晶 摘譯自 TradeArabia

原文如下：

Saudi Arabia targets 1m b/d cut in domestic oil use

Saudi Arabia plans to reduce domestic consumption of liquid hydrocarbons by one million barrels per day (b/d) for use "in a better way", the kingdom's Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman said.

Before the Covid-19 pandemic, the kingdom was consuming around 491,000 b/d of oil for industrial use and power generation during the height of its summer demand in 2019. The US Energy Information Administration had estimated the figure to be closer to 1 million b/d in 2015 at the peak of summer during a record year for demand.

"If we are to maintain our position as a long-term carbon producer, we have to be innovative enough and collaborative enough to ensure these hydrocarbon resources will be monetized and used in a better way," said the Saudi minister during the Berlin Energy Transition Dialogue, broadcast online March 16. "We are launching a sustainability program to try to find ways to use hydrocarbons in different ways, especially in terms of materials, which will not be impacting or affecting the environment in any way."

Reducing domestic demand could also help Saudi Aramco increase its long-term spare capacity from levels of around 1.5 million b/d to 2 million b/d historically. The kingdom has more crude available from its 12 million b/d production capacity, due to its self-enforced cuts agreed with OPEC+, which have limited production to 8.13 million b/d in February, according to the latest S&P Global Platts survey, with exports below 6 million b/d.

A research paper published in 2018 by the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Centre forecast that increases in domestic gasoline and electricity prices in the kingdom could effectively boost export capacity by over 75,000 b/d, while cutting carbon emissions by 97 million tons annually.

"The liquid displacement program that we will be introducing this year will take care of reducing our petroleum and petroleum product consumption from all utilities," said Prince Abdulaziz.

Hydrogen drive

Saudi and other states have made headway reducing fuel burn in the power sector through various reforms and the expansion of gas-fired generation plants for electricity and desalination. The kingdom's power sector may also have benefited from the availability of more heavy fuel oil in the region following the introduction of tougher regulations on shipping fuel under the IMO 2020 agreement.

Hydrocarbon-dependent Saudi Arabia needs a breakeven price of about $80/b to balance its budget, according to the IMF.

Meanwhile, Saudi is pushing ahead with climate change mitigation initiatives in the energy sector, according to Prince Abdulaziz said.

These include a $5 billion green hydrogen production facility powered by renewable energy targeted to provide 650 tons of carbon-free hydrogen daily for export, situated at its NEOM smart city, which was announced in July. Saudi Arabia has also announced plans to have 50% of its power generated by renewables and 50% generated from natural gas by 2030.

"We are now in a phase of delivering what we have negotiated," he said. "We are willingly executing what we have agreed to in the Paris agreement. We have to be mindful of national circumstances. If want to be inclusive you have to be mindful of each nation you want to participate with you."